原创力文档seasonality in depressive and anxiety symptoms among primary care patients and in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders; results from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety季节性抑郁和焦虑症状在初级护理病人和患者的抑郁和焦虑障碍;.pdfVIP
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seasonality in depressive and anxiety symptoms among primary care patients and in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders; results from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety季节性抑郁和焦虑症状在初级护理病人和患者的抑郁和焦虑障碍;
Winthorst et al. BMC Psychiatry 2011, 11:198
/1471-244X/11/198
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Seasonality in depressive and anxiety symptoms
among primary care patients and in patients with
depressive and anxiety disorders; results from the
Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety
1* 2,3 1 1,4,5 1
Wim H Winthorst , Wendy J Post , Ybe Meesters , Brenda WHJ Penninx and Willem A Nolen
Abstract
Background: Little is known about seasonality of specific depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in different
patient populations. This study aims to assess seasonal variation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in a primary
care population and across participants who were classified in diagnostic groups 1) healthy controls 2) patients
with a major depressive disorder, 3) patients with any anxiety disorder and 4) patients with a major depression and
any anxiety disorder.
Methods: Data were used from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). First, in 5549 patients
from the NESDA primary care recruitment population the Kessler-10 screening questionnaire was used and data
were analyzed across season in a multilevel linear model. Second, in 1090 subjects classified into four groups
according to psychiatric status according to the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, overall depressive
symptoms and atypical versus melancholic features were assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms.
Anxiety and fear were assessed with the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Fear questionnaire. Symptom levels across
season were analyzed in a linear regression model.
Results: In the primary care population the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms did not show a seasonal
pattern. In the
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