selecting molecular recognition. what can existing aptamers tell us about their inherent recognition capabilities and modes of interaction选择分子识别。.pdfVIP

Pharmaceuticals 2012, 5, 493-513; doi:10.3390/ph5050493 OPEN ACCESS Pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Selecting Molecular Recognition. What Can Existing Aptamers Tell Us about Their Inherent Recognition Capabilities and Modes of Interaction? Qian Zhang and Ralf Landgraf * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rlandgraf@; Tel: +1-305-243-5815; Fax: +1-305-243-3955. Received: 5 March 2012; in revised form: 19 April 2012 / Accepted: 10 May 2012 / Published: 18 May 2012 Abstract: The use of nucleic acid derived aptamers has rapidly expanded since the introduction of SELEX in 1990. Nucleic acid aptamers have demonstrated their ability to target a broad range of molecules in ways that rival antibodies, but advances have been very uneven for different biochemical classes of targets, and clinical applications have been slow to emerge. What sets different aptamers apart from each other and from rivaling molecular recognition platforms, specifically proteins? What advantages do aptamers as a reagent class offer, and how do the chemical properties and selection procedures of aptamers influence their function? Do the building blocks of nucleic acid aptamers dictate inherent limitations in the nature of molecular targets, and do existing