sphingosine-1-phosphate-specific g protein-coupled receptors as novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosissphingosine-1-phosphate-specific g protein-coupled受体作为动脉粥样硬化的新型治疗靶点.pdfVIP

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sphingosine-1-phosphate-specific g protein-coupled receptors as novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosissphingosine-1-phosphate-specific g protein-coupled受体作为动脉粥样硬化的新型治疗靶点.pdf

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sphingosine-1-phosphate-specific g protein-coupled receptors as novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosissphingosine-1-phosphate-specific g protein-coupled受体作为动脉粥样硬化的新型治疗靶点

Pharmaceuticals 2011, 4, 117-137; doi:10.3390/ph4010117 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Specific G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Atherosclerosis Yasuo Okamoto *, Fei Wang, Kazuaki Yoshioka, Noriko Takuwa and Yoh Takuwa * Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; E-Mails: wf_0908@ (F.W.); yoshioka@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp (K.Y.); ntakuwa@ishikawa-nu.ac.jp (N.T.) * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: linakura@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp (Y.O.); ytakuwa@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp (Y.T.); Tel.: +81-76-265-2165 and -2167; Fax: +81-76-234-4223. Received: 30 November 2010; in revised form: 25 December 2010 / Accepted: 4 January 2011 / Published: 4 January 2011 Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process involving complex interactions of modified lipoproteins, monocyte-derived macrophages or foam cells, lymphocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active blood-borne lipid mediator, exerts pleiotropic effects such as cell proliferation, migration and cell-cell adhesion in a variety of cell types via five members of S1P-specific high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors (S1P -S1P ). Among them, S1P , S1P and S1P are major receptor subtype