supercritical transesterification of palm oil and hydrated ethanol in a fixed bed reactor with a caoal2o3 catalyst超临界酯交换的棕榈油和含水乙醇caoal2o3催化剂的固定床反应器.pdfVIP

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supercritical transesterification of palm oil and hydrated ethanol in a fixed bed reactor with a caoal2o3 catalyst超临界酯交换的棕榈油和含水乙醇caoal2o3催化剂的固定床反应器.pdf

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supercritical transesterification of palm oil and hydrated ethanol in a fixed bed reactor with a caoal2o3 catalyst超临界酯交换的棕榈油和含水乙醇caoal2o3催化剂的固定床反应器

Energies 2012, 5, 1062-1080; doi:10.3390/en5041062 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 /journal/energies Article Supercritical Transesterification of Palm Oil and Hydrated Ethanol in a Fixed Bed Reactor with a CaO/Al O Catalyst 2 3 Ruengwit Sawangkeaw 1, Pornicha Tejvirat 1, Chawalit Ngamcharassrivichai 1,2 and Somkiat Ngamprasertsith 1,2,* 1 Fuels Research Center, Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; E-Mails: r_sawangkeaw@ (R.S.); sodamag_yoshirin@ (P.T.); chawalit.n@chula.ac.th (C.N.) 2 Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: somkiat.n@chula.ac.th; Tel.: +66-2218-7678; Fax: +66-2255-5831. Received: 11 January 2012; in revised form: 2 April 2012 / Accepted: 6 April 2012 / Published: 19 April 2012 Abstract: Biodiesel production from palm oil and hydrated ethanol in a fixed bed reactor using CaO/Al O as the catalyst was investigated and optimized using response surface 2 3 methodology. The investigated parameters were temperature, pressure, ethanol/palm oil molar ratio, residence time and total mass flow rate. The approach was divided into two parts, a preliminary study using broad scale change