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the control of environmental tobacco smoke a policy review环境烟草烟雾的控制政策审议
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 741-758; doi:10.3390/ijerph6020741
OPEN ACCESS
International Journal of
Environmental Research and
Public Health
ISSN 1660-4601
/journal/ijerph
Review
The Control of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: A Policy
Review
Aonghus McNabola * and Laurence William Gill
Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University of Dublin, Trinity College,
Ireland; E-Mail: gilll@tcd.ie
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: amcnabol@tcd.ie; Tel.: +353-1-896
3321; Fax: +353-1-677-3072
Received: 16 December 2008 / Accepted: 14 February 2009 / Published: 20 February 2009
Abstract: According to World Health Organisation figures, 30% of all cancer deaths, 20%
of all coronary heart diseases and strokes and 80% of all chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease are caused by cigarette smoking. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure
has also been shown to be associated with disease and premature death in non-smokers. In
response to this environmental health issue, several countries have brought about a smoking
ban policy in public places and in the workplace. Countries such as the U .S., France, Italy,
Ireland, Malta, the Netherlands, Sweden, Scotland, Spain, and England have all introduced
policies aimed at reducing the population exposure to ETS
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