the effects of co-treatment of 9-cis-retinoic acid and 15-deoxy-δ (12,14)-prostaglandin j2 on microglial activationco-treatment 9-cis-retinoic酸的影响,15-deoxy-δ(12、14)前列腺素j2小胶质激活.pdfVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 4045-4058; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article The Effects of Co-Treatment of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid and 15-Deoxy-Δ (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 on Microglial Activation Pei-Chien Hsu 1, Huey-Jen Tsay 1, Thomas J. Montine 2 and Feng-Shiun Shie 3,* 1 Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; E-Mails: pachann99@.tw (P.-C.H.); hjtsay@.tw (J.-J.T.) 2 Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98223, USA; E-Mail: tmontine@ 3 Division of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, the Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: fshie@.tw; Tel.: +886-1-37-246-166 ext. 36709; Fax: +886-1-37-586-453. Received: 28 February 2011; in revised form: 26 April 2011 / Accepted: 16 May 2011 / Published: 17 May 2011 Abstract: Microglial activation plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal function and contributes to the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Activation of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) by an endogenous agonist, 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), has been shown to be beneficial in many diseases with aberrant immune responses. Here, we report that co-treatment with 15d-PGJ2 and its synergistic partner, 9-cis-retino