the emerging role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase aktmammalian target of rapamycin signaling network in cancer stem cell biology磷脂酰肌醇的新兴角色3-kinase aktmammalian雷帕霉素靶信号网络在癌症干细胞生物学.pdfVIP

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the emerging role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase aktmammalian target of rapamycin signaling network in cancer stem cell biology磷脂酰肌醇的新兴角色3-kinase aktmammalian雷帕霉素靶信号网络在癌症干细胞生物学.pdf

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the emerging role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase aktmammalian target of rapamycin signaling network in cancer stem cell biology磷脂酰肌醇的新兴角色3-kinase aktmammalian雷帕霉素靶信号网络在癌症干细胞生物学

Cancers 2010, 2, 1576-1596; doi:10.3390/cancers2031576 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Review The Emerging Role of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/ Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Network in Cancer Stem Cell Biology Alberto M. Martelli 1,*, Camilla Evangelisti 1, Francesca Chiarini 1, Cecilia Grimaldi 1 2 and James A. McCubrey 1 Department of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; E-Mails: camilla.evangelisti@ (C.E.); francesca.chiarini@ (F.C.); ccgrimaldi@ (C.G.); 2 Department of Microbiology Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, NC 27834, USA; E-Mail: mccubreyj@ (J.A.M.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: alberto.martelli@unibo.it; Tel.: +39-051-2091580; Fax: +39-051-2091695. Received: 23 July 2010 / Accepted: 16 August 2010 / Published: 18 August 2010 Abstract: The cancer stem cell theory entails the existence of a hierarchically organized, rare population of cells which are responsible for tumor initiation, self- renewal/maintenance, and mutation accumulation. The cancer stem cell proposition could explain the high frequency of cancer relapse and resistance to currently available therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates a wide array of physiological cell functions which include differentiation, pro