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using entropy leads to a better understanding of biological systems使用熵会导致更好的理解生物系统.pdf

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using entropy leads to a better understanding of biological systems使用熵会导致更好的理解生物系统

Entropy 2010, 12, 2450-2469; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 /journal/entropy Review Using Entropy Leads to a Better Understanding of Biological Systems Chih-Yuan Tseng and Jack A. Tuszynski * Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave. Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; E-Mail: chih-yuan.tseng@ualberta.ca * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jackt@ualberta.ca . Received: 4 November 2010; in revised form: 7 December 2010 / Accepted: 15 December 2010 / Published: 17 December 2010 Abstract: In studying biological systems, conventional approaches based on the laws of physics almost always require introducing appropriate approximations. We argue that a comprehensive approach that integrates the laws of physics and principles of inference provides a better conceptual framework than these approaches to reveal emergence in such systems. The crux of this comprehensive approach hinges on entropy. Entropy is not merely a physical quantity. It is also a reasoning tool to process information with the least bias. By reviewing three distinctive examples from protein folding dynamics to drug design, we demonstrate the developments and applications of this comprehensive approach in the area of biological systems. Keywords: entropy; inference; folding dynamics; tubulin expression level; aptamer PACS Codes: 87.10.Ca, 87.15.hm, 87.19.xj, 87.85.fk 1. Introduction The methods