using grizzly bears to assess harvest-ecosystem tradeoffs in salmon fisheries使用灰熊在鲑鱼渔业评估harvest-ecosystem权衡.pdfVIP

Using Grizzly Bears to Assess Harvest-Ecosystem Tradeoffs in Salmon Fisheries 1,2 . 1,3 . 3 2,4 3,5 Taal Levi * , Chris T. Darimont * , Misty MacDuffee , Marc Mangel , Paul Paquet , Christopher C. Wilmers1 1 Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America, 2 Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Math and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America, 3 Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Denny Island, British Columbia, Canada, 4 Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 5 Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Abstract Implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) requires a clear conceptual and quantitative framework for assessing how different harvest options can modify benefits to ecosystem and human beneficiaries. We address this social-ecological need for Pacific salmon fisheries, which are economically valuable but intercept much of the annual pulse of nutrient subsidies that salmon provide to terrestrial and aquatic food webs. We used grizzly bears, vectors of salmon nutrients and animals with densities strongly coupled to salmon abundance, as surrogates for ‘‘salmon ecosystem’’ function. Combining salmon biomass and stock-recruitment data with stable isotope analysis, we assess potential tradeoffs between fishery yields and bear population densities for six sockeye salmon stocks in Bristol Bay, Alaska, and British Columbia (BC), Canada. For the coastal stocks, we find that both bear densities and fishery yields would increase substantially if ecosystem allocations of salmon increase from currently applied lower to upper g