using hierarchical clustering of secreted protein families to classify and rank candidate effectors of rust fungi使用层次聚类分泌蛋白质的家庭分类和等级候选人效应器锈真菌.pdfVIP

Using Hierarchical Clustering of Secreted Protein Families to Classify and Rank Candidate Effectors of Rust Fungi 1 1 1 2 1 1 Diane G. O. Saunders , Joe Win , Liliana M. Cano , Les J. Szabo , Sophien Kamoun *, Sylvain Raffaele * 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom, 2 Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America Abstract Rust fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause considerable damage on crop plants. Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stem rust, and Melampsora larici-populina, the poplar leaf rust pathogen, have strong deleterious impacts on wheat and poplar wood production, respectively. Filamentous pathogens such as rust fungi secrete molecules called disease effectors that act as modulators of host cell physiology and can suppress or trigger host immunity. Current knowledge on effectors from other filamentous plant pathogens can be exploited for the characterisation of effectors in the genome of recently sequenced rust fungi. We designed a comprehensive in silico analysis pipeline to identify the putative effector repertoire from the genome of two plant pathogenic rust fungi. The pipeline is based on the observation that known effector proteins from filamentous pathogens have at least one of the following properties: (i) contain a secretion signal, (ii) are encoded by in planta induced genes, (iii) have similarity to haustorial proteins, (iv) are small and cysteine rich, (v) contain a known effector motif or a nuclear localization signal, (vi) are encoded by genes with long intergenic regions, (vii) contain internal repeats, and (viii) do not contain PF