waking and sleeping following water deprivation in the rat清醒和睡眠剥夺后水老鼠.pdfVIP

Waking and Sleeping following Water Deprivation in the Rat 1,2 1 1 1,3 1 Davide Martelli , Marco Luppi , Matteo Cerri , Domenico Tupone , Emanuele Perez , Giovanni Zamboni1*, Roberto Amici1 1 Department of Human and General Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 2 Systems Neurophysiology Division, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 3 Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America Abstract Wake-sleep (W-S) states are affected by thermoregulation. In particular, REM sleep (REMS) is reduced in homeotherms under a thermal load, due to an impairment of hypothalamic regulation of body temperature. The aim of this work was to assess whether osmoregulation, which is regulated at a hypothalamic level, but, unlike thermoregulation, is maintained across the different W-S states, could influence W-S occurrence. Sprague-Dawley rats, kept at an ambient temperature of 24uC and under a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle, were exposed to a prolonged osmotic challenge of three days of water deprivation (WD) and two days of recovery in which free access to water was restored. Two sets of parameters were determined in order to assess: i) the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis (water and food consumption; changes in body weight and fluid composition); ii) the effects of the osmotic challenge on behavioral states (hypothalamic temperature (Thy), motor activity, and W-S states). The first set of parameters changed in WD as expected and control levels were restored on the second day of recovery, with the exception of urinary Ca++ that almost disappeared in WD, and increased to a high level in r