weed risk assessment for aquatic plants modification of a new zealand system for the united states对水生植物杂草风险评估修改为美国新西兰的系统.pdfVIP

Weed Risk Assessment for Aquatic Plants: Modification of a New Zealand System for the United States 1 2 2 3 4 Doria R. Gordon *, Crysta A. Gantz , Christopher L. Jerde , W. Lindsay Chadderton , Reuben P. Keller , Paul D. Champion5 1The Nature Conservancy and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 2 University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, 3 The Nature Conservancy, c/o Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, 4 Department of Environmental Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 5 Freshwater Biosecurity National Institute of Water Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand Abstract We tested the accuracy of an invasive aquatic plant risk assessment system in the United States that we modified from a system originally developed by New Zealand’s Biosecurity Program. The US system is comprised of 38 questions that address biological, historical, and environmental tolerance traits. Values associated with each response are summed to produce a total score for each species that indicates its risk of invasion. To calibrate and test this risk assessment, we identified 39 aquatic plant species that are major invaders in the continental US, 31 species that have naturalized but have no documented impacts (minor invaders), and 60 that have been introduced but have not established. These species represent 55 families and span all aquatic plant growth forms. We found sufficient information to assess all but three of these species. When the results are compa