CH4 流程分析及选择.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Process Analysis and Selection General Process Description and Performance Analyses Process Analysis Terms Process Flowcharting Types of Processes and Their Management Issues Process Performance Metrics Principles for Process Analysis Production Process Design/Selection Performance analysis Batch Size and Product Variety Capital Requirements Economic Analysis Service Process Design Service Blueprinting Service Fail-safing Schemes of Service Process Design Characteristics of a Well-Designed Service System General Process Description and Performance Analyses Process Analysis Terms Process Flowcharting Types of Processes and Their Management Issues Process Performance Metrics Principles for Process Analysis 1. Process Analysis Terms Process: Is any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs Cycle Time: Is the average successive time between completions of successive units Utilization: Is the ratio of the time that a resource is actually activated relative to the time that it is available for use Other Process Terminology Blocking Occurs when the activities in a stage must stop because there is no place to deposit the item just completed If there is no room for an employee to place a unit of work down, the employee will hold on to it not able to continue working on the next unit Starving Occurs when the activities in a stage must stop because there is no work If an employee is waiting at a work station and no work is coming to the employee to process, the employee will remain idle until the next unit of work comes Other Process Terminology (Cont’d) Bottleneck Occurs when the limited capacity of a process causes work to pile up or become unevenly distributed in the flow of a process If an employee works too slow in a multi-stage process, work will begin to pile up in front of that employee. In this is case the employee represents the limited capacity causing the bottleneck. Pacing Refers to the fixed timing of the