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the preference for water nipples vs. water bowls in dairy goats水乳头和碗的偏好乳制品山羊
Bøe et al. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2011, 53:50
/content/53/1/50
RESEARCH Open Access
The preference for water nipples vs. water bowls
in dairy goats
Knut E Bøe*†, Rebecca Ehrlenbruch† and Inger L Andersen
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water
intake in farm animals. Horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and
pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. The aim of the
present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water nipples or water bowls.
Methods: In each of the two experiments (exp. 1, dry goats, exp. 2 lactating goats), 42 dairy goats were allotted
into 6 groups of 7 goats. In period 1, the goats had access to a water nipple. In period 2, they had access to a
water bowl and in period 3 (preference test) they had access to both a water nipple and a water bowl. Water
usage and wastage was recorded and water intake (water usage - water wastage) was calculated for each group
for the two last days of each period. In experiment 2, water samples from each dispenser were analyzed for
heterotrophy germs at 22°C, Escherichia coli and turbidity.
Results: Water usage was higher from water nipples than from water bowls both in experiment 1 (dry goats) and
experiment 2 (lactating goats). There was however, no difference in water intake from water nipples and water
bowls. In the preference test (period 3), the water intake tended to be higher from the water nipple than from the
water bowl both for the dry goats (exp. 1) and lactating goats (exp. 2). Especially for the dry goats, the differences
between groups were large. Turbidity and heterotrophy germs were much higher in the samples from the water
bowls than from the
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