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the tragedy of maldistribution climate, sustainability, and equity分布不均的悲剧气候、可持续性和权益
Sustainability 2012, 4, 394-411; doi:10.3390/su4030394
OPEN ACCESS
sustainability
ISSN 2071-1050
/journal/sustainability
Article
The Tragedy of Maldistribution: Climate, Sustainability,
and Equity
Elizabeth A. Stanton
Stockholm Environment Institute, U.S. Center, 11 Curtis Ave., Medford, MA 02144, USA;
E-Mail: liz.stanton@; Tel.: +1-617-627-6872; Fax: +1-617-449-9603
Received: 12 December 2011; in revised form: 2 March 2012 / Accepted: 12 March 2012 /
Published: 16 March 2012
Abstract: This essay is an initial exploration of the dimensions of the equity/sustainability
linkage from the perspective of public goods analysis. Sustainability requires an abundance
of public goods. Where these commons lack governance, sustainability is at risk. Equity is
a critical component of sustainability that can itself be viewed as a public good, subject to
deterioration (maldistribution) when left ungoverned. As is the case for so many forms of
environmental degradation, the private benefits of maldistribution tend to overshadow the
larger social costs, and the result is a degradation of equity. This article sketches out the
analogy of equity as a public good by: examining the evidence regarding current and
historical income equality within and between countries; introducing the characteristics of
public goods and grounding equity in this idiom; reviewing several theories explaining the
sub-optimal provision of environmental goods; applying these theoretical frameworks to
the case of e
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