物理上（Physically）.doc

物理上（Physically） Physics review program for junior middle school Measurement of length 1, length measurement Length measurement is the most basic measurement, and the most commonly used tool is the scale. 2 units of length and conversions The unit of length is the meter (m), commonly used units have km (Km), DM (DM) cm (CM), mm (mm) nano micron (UM) (nm) 1Km 103, M 10, M 10, DM 10, CM 10, mm 103, 103um, nm,... When the unit of length is converted, small units become larger, units are multiplied, and large units are replaced by small ones 3. Use scale correctly (1) pay attention to observe the zero scale line, range and graduation value before use (2) pay attention to when using The ruler should be measured along the length of the measurement, and the ruler is aligned with the object to be measured. It must be put on the same track, not askew. Do not use worn zero scale lines, such as zero line wear and take another whole scale line is zero line, do not forget the last reading in the replaced zero line scale value. The thick ruler should be placed vertically When reading, the line of sight should be perpendicular to the ruler 4. Correctly record measurements Measurements consist of numbers and units (1) write only numbers, and no units record meaningless (2) when reading, read the next bit of the scale 5, error The difference between measured and true values Errors can not be avoided, and can be minimized. Mistakes can not be avoided The basic method of reducing errors is to measure the average value by multiple measurements, and to improve the measurement method and reduce the error by using precision instruments 6, special methods of measurement (1) cumulative method Such as measuring the diameter of thin metal wire or measuring the thickness of the paper (2) caliper method (3) substitution method Two, simple movement 1. Mechanical movement The change of position of the object is called mechanical movement All the objects are in motion, moving object is not absolute