生物选修三（Biology elective three）.doc

生物选修三（Biology elective three） Topic 1 gene engineering I. concept: Genetic engineering, according to peoples wishes, through the in vitro DNA recombination and transgenic technology, endows organisms with new genetic characteristics, and creates new biological types and biological products that are more in line with peoples needs. Genetic engineering is designed and constructed at the DNA molecular level, also known as DNA recombination Two: Principle: gene recombination Three. The reasons for gene transplantation: the double helix structure composed of four kinds of deoxyribonucleic acid, all follow the complementary pair principle of bases Four, the reasons for the post transplant can be expressed: biological organisms share a set of genetic code I. basic tools of genetic engineering (1) molecular scalpel - restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) 1: Source: mainly isolated from prokaryotes. 2. Function: it can identify a specific DNA sequence of double stranded DNA molecules and break the two phosphate bond between two nucleotides in each part of the chain, so it is specific. 3. Results: DNA fragments produced by restriction enzyme cleavage end in two forms: sticky ends and ends. (two) molecular suture needle - DNA ligase 1, two DNA ligase (E, coliDNA ligase and T4-DNA ligase): (1) the same point: suture the phosphate two ester bond. (2) difference: E coliDNA ligase derived from Escherichia coli and can only connect sticky ends; and T4DNA ligase derived from T4 phage can suture two ends, but it is less efficient to connect flat ends. 2. The similarities and differences between polymerase and DNA polymerase: DNA polymerase can only connect a single deoxyribonucleic acid into DNA phosphate when it is duplicated, and form a phosphate ester bond. The DNA ligase is the junction of the two DNA fragments that forms the phosphate two ester bond. (three) molecular transport vehicle - carrier; 1, carrier conditions: replication in receptor cells and has stable prese