甾体激素（Steroid hormone）.docVIP

甾体激素（Steroid hormone） I. overview: sex hormones and adrenal cortical hormones are steroid hormones in the body, which are very low in body and have important physiological functions. Steroid hormone receptors in cells, lipophilic steroid hormones into the blood, most of the plasma protein reversibly binding, a little free state can diffuse through the cell membrane into the cell, combined with intracellular receptors to produce physiological effects. According to its pharmacological action, it can be divided into sex hormone and adrenal cortex hormone. According to the chemical structure, they can be divided into female steroids, male steroids and pregnant steroids. (1) the basic structure and nomenclature of steroid hormones The chemical structures of steroids are composed of four rings of A, B, C and D fused together. The A, B and C rings form a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene ring, and the D ring is five membered cyclopentane. Usually in the A/B ring, the fused (C-10) and the C/D ring fused (C-13) each have a methyl horn (numbers C-19 and C-18) respectively, and the methyl horn is usually expressed in solid lines. Most steroids have side chains in the 17 ring of D. The convergence of the four rings of steroid nuclei can theoretically be varied, but due to the high energy and instability of many ways. So, in fact, there are two kinds of A/B rings, CIS and trans, which are characterized by the orientation of 5-H. Steroids can be divided into 5 major categories, alpha - system and 5 - beta - two major categories. The natural steroid hormones belong to the 5 - alpha system, and the four rings are trans - fused. Ring A, B and C are in a chair conformation, and ring D is an envelope conformation. C-5, C-8, C-9, C-10, C-13 and C-14 are chiral carbon atoms A configuration representation of an atom or group attached to a steroid ring; sets two methyl horns into a beta configuration (extending above the ring plane). A solid line indicates that an atom or a group is con