病理 第七章（Pathology seventh chapters）.doc

病理 第七章（Pathology seventh chapters） The sixth chapter is cardiovascular disease Section 1 rheumatism (rheumatism) I. overview: 1 、 concept of rheumatism: it is an allergic inflammatory disease associated with infection of group B hemolytic streptococcus in group A. The main invasion of connective tissue, in order to form rheumatoid body as its pathological features. 2, predilection sites, predilection age, regional characteristics Two. Etiology and pathogenesis: allergic inflammation associated with streptococcal infection. Three, basic pathological changes: (I) nonspecific inflammation (two) granulomatous inflammation: 1, metamorphic exudate period: connective tissue myxoid degeneration, collagen fiber swelling. The swelling of the collagen fibers breaks down and breaks down into unstructured granules, resulting in fibrinous necrosis. A small amount of serous fluid and inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, individual neutrophils and monocytes) infiltrated. 2, hyperplasia (granuloma stage): rheumatic granuloma, that is, Aschoff body (Aschoff Body) approximately spindle shaped, with a fibrous necrosis at the center, surrounded by a variety of cellular components: Aschoff cells: cytoplasm rich, basophilic, large, ovoid and vacuolated. Focus on the central nuclear chromatin, transverse nucleus like owl eye; longitudinal section, chromatin like a caterpillar. A small number of lymphocytes and individual neutrophils. 3, scar (healing period): fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and fibroblasts. The whole body becomes a small, fusiform scar. Four, the lesions of various organs: (1) rheumatic heart disease: 1. Rheumatic endocarditis: (1) predilection site: mitral valve; (2) features of vegetations: multiple, miliary, gray and white, arranged in a single row with the valve margin; white thrombus under the microscope. (3) outcome and impact 2, rheumatic myocarditis: (1) site: myocardial interstitium; (2) pathological changes characteristic: rheumatism body formation; (3) outcome and imp