有机化学鉴别方法（Organic chemistry identification method）.docVIP

有机化学鉴别方法（Organic chemistry identification method） A summary of identification methods in Organic Chemistry 1 alkanes and alkenes, alkynes identification method is CCl4 solution of acid solution or Potassium Permanganate bromine (oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons can make Potassium Permanganate fade, but the speed is different) 2 alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons is not to say, but aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene, xylene and acidic solution reaction of benzene is not Potassium Permanganate. 3, in addition, alcohols are pronounced neutral 4 phenol: under normal temperature, phenol can be oxidized by oxygen to pink, and phenol can react with ferric chloride to show purple 5 can be used to distinguish between aldose and ketose bromine 6 ethers react with chlorine or bromine in the absence of light and produce chlorinated ethers or brominated ethers. Ethers react with oxygen in air to form peroxy compounds under photo catalysis. 7 quinone compounds are a kind of chemical compounds with quinone structure in Chinese traditional medicine. They are mainly divided into four types: quinone, naphthalene quinone, phenanthrene quinone and anthraquinone. The specific color is different, and the reaction type is more 1. alkenes, alkynes and dienes: (1) bromine carbon tetrachloride solution, red leg go (2) Potassium Permanganate solution, purple leg. 2. containing hydrogen alkyne alkyne: (1) silver nitrate yields silver white precipitate (2) ammonia solution of cuprous chloride, alkynyl copper bromide red precipitate. 3. small: three or four yuan of alicyclic hydrocarbon can make the bromine carbon tetrachloride solution leg color 4. halogenated hydrocarbons: alcohol solution of silver nitrate, silver halide precipitate formation; halogenated hydrocarbons generate different structure precipitation at different speeds, halohydrocarbons and tertiary allylic halides is the fastest, Naka Yojinno, heated to appear precipitation of primary alkyl halides. 5. alcohols: (1) react with metal