消化系统第九讲（Ninth lectures on the digestive system）.docVIP

消化系统第九讲（Ninth lectures on the digestive system） Ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis is also a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the rectum and colon. This is the same as Crohns disease. The major etiological factor of ulcerative colitis is immune genetic factors. Pathological changes The predilection site of ulcerative colitis is the sigmoid colon. Can be extended to the descending colon, transverse colon. Unlike Crohns disease, Crohns disease occurs in the terminal part of the ileum. Ulcerative colitis is a continuous distribution. The lesion is generally limited to the mucosa and submucosa, perforation, intestinal fistula is rare, so the fistula is rare in ulcerative colitis. Two 、 clinical manifestation 1. digestive system performance (1) diarrhea is mainly mucous pus blood, it is an important manifestation of the disease activity period. If the blood is attached to the stool surface, the lesion is in the rectum. If the blood is mixed up in the stool, the lesion is above the rectum. (2) abdominal pain, its main characteristics are: abdominal pain - then ease - then ease. If you have toxic colon distention or inflammation, spread to the peritoneum, you can have persistent, severe abdominal pain. (3) if a symptom of ulcerative colitis patients presented with abdominal muscle tension, pain, decreased bowel sounds and other peritoneal irritation, that is complicated by toxic dilatation of the colon, intestinal perforation and other complications. 2., systemic performance, severe patients may have low fever, if there is high fever, more suggestive of complications or acute fulminant type. 3.. Parenteral manifestations, like Crohns disease, include peripheral arthritis, erythema erythema, pyoderma, pyoderma, anterior uveitis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Rare cases include sacroiliac joint, ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and so on. Three, complications 1. toxic megacolon is the most common and serious complication of ulcerative col