关中地区古耕作土壤和现代耕作土壤微形态特征及意义.PDF

中国农业科学 2006,39(7):1395-1402 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 关中地区古耕作土壤和现代耕作土壤微形态特征及意义 庞奖励，黄春长，张 旭 （陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院/西北历史环境变迁与经济社会发展研究中心，西安 710062 ） 摘要：【目的】通过对土壤微形态研究试图阐明陕西关中地区现代土壤的发育过程和微形态标志。【方法】用 偏光显微镜对LGT剖面不同发生层的薄片进行了观察和影像定量分析。【结果】不同发生层的矿物组合十分相似， 石英（Q）和长石（Pl）占绝对优势，但C/F15µm 值、不同矿物间的比例、颗粒形态等有明显差异。土壤形成物主 要是粘土矿物、方解石和无定形Fe，Ap层中有大量针状方解石微晶、次生粘土和蚯蚓粪粒，BC层方解石数量多 且形态最复杂，Bt 和Bt 层方解石很少，但有大量粘土亚胶膜。【结论】所谓的“堆垫土”实际上由两部分组成， 1 2 下部BC主要是全新世晚期堆积的风积物，表层Ap是2000年以来人类不断施加土粪、风尘堆积和农耕活动的综合产 物。 关键词：土壤微形态；古耕作土壤；现代土壤；关中地区 Micromorphological Features of Old Cultivated and Modern Soil in Guanzhong Areas of Shaanxi Province, North China PANG Jiang-li, HUANG Chun-chang, Zhang Xu （College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences/ Northwest Research Center for Historical Environment Socio-economic Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710062 ） Abstract: 【Objective 】 Using the data obtained from the LGT soil profile, this paper attempts to illustrate soil-forming process of modern soil in the Guanzhong areas and its micromorphological features. 【Method 】 Micromorphology was observed under a petrographic microscope, and its image was quantitatively measured by LEICAL Qwin software. 【Result 】Micromorphological observations of the thin sections show that the minerals assemblage of different horizons very similar, which is mainly composed of Q and Pl. However, there are obvious differences in C/F15µm ratio, mineral content, and coarse features. Pedofeatures mainly consist of clay, calcite, and amorphous Fe. Ap horizon is characterized by abundant needleshaped secondary-calcite, secondary-clay, and earthworm fecal pellet. BC horizon is characterized by the secondary-calcite of large qu