分子生物学(杨君)lecture2 structure of DNA and RNA.pptVIP

分子生物学(杨君)lecture2 structure of DNA and RNA.ppt

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Species of cccDNA Plasmid(质粒) and circular bacterial chromosomes Linear DNA molecules of eukaryotic (真核的)chromosomes due to their extreme length, entrainment (缠卷) in chromatin (染色质)and interaction with other cellular components Species of cccDNA RNA结构 2 核酸结构 小 结 拓扑结构 DNA结构 Local disruption of base pairs Twist Twist and Writhe Linking number is composed of Twist and Writhe Twist (扭曲) is the number of times one strand completely wraps around the other strand. Writhe (翻转) is the number of times that the long axis of the double helical DNA crosses over itself in 3-D space. RNA结构 2 核酸结构 小 结 拓扑结构 DNA结构 Circular and Superhelical DNA RNA结构 2 核酸结构 小 结 拓扑结构 DNA结构 DNA in cell is negatively supercoiled(负超螺旋) Nucleosomes(核小体) introduce negative supercoiling in Eukaryotes Function (1): DNA in cells is negatively supercoiled; nucleosomes introduces negative supercoiling in eukaryotes Negative supercoils serve as a store of free energy that aids in processes requiring strand separation, such as DNA replication and transcription. Strand separation can be accomplished more easily in negatively supercoiled DNA than in relaxed DNA. Function RNA结构 2 核酸结构 小 结 拓扑结构 DNA结构 Cruciform(十字结构) and Palindromic(回文结构) The formation of short bubbles of unpaired, single-stranded DNA from severe negative supercoiling can be further stabilized by cruciform structures. Cruciforms occur in regions of palindromic (inverted repeat) DNA. RNA结构 2 核酸结构 小 结 拓扑结构 DNA结构 Function (2): Topoisomerases 拓扑异构酶 The biological importance of topoisomerase? The functional difference of the two types of topoisomerases? The working mechanism of topoisomerase Function RNA结构 2 核酸结构 小 结 拓扑结构 DNA结构 Topoisomerases 拓扑异构酶 Topoisomerases modify the superhelicity(超螺旋性) of DNA. Topoisomerases can relax supercoiled DNA. to modify the superhelicity of closed circular DNA is to break one or both strands and twist the ends with respect to each other before linking them together again. Two general typ

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