_pun_与_双关_辨异.docVIP

2000 年第6 期外 国 语 总第 130 期 No.6, November 2000 Journal of Foreign Languages General Serial No.130 34 文章编号1004-5139 2000 06-0034-05 中图分类号H1/9 文献标识码A pun 与双关辨异 李国南 国立华侨大学外语系 福建泉州 362011 摘要 pun 与双关长期以来被视为英汉对等修辞格实际上两者并非处处对应首先双关 即一语双关但pun 除了一语双关外还可以二语双关即利用两个有时甚至两个以 上同音或同形异义词近音词或者多义词来做文章这类pun 专称antanaclasis 或ploce 相当于 汉语另一修辞格换义再则双关必为双重含义而pun 没有双的语义成分可以多 关本文论证了pun 与双关的主要区别 关键词pun; 双关辨异 Distinctions between “pun” and “shuangguan” LI Guo-nan (Department of Foreign Languages, National Huaqiao University, Fujian 362011, China) Abstract: pun and “shuangguan” have long since been taken for the two equivalent figures of speech in English and Chinese, however, they are in fact not always corresponding to each other. First, “shuangguan”, i.e. one term for two meanings; but pun, on top of “one” term for two meanings, may also employ “two” terms for two meanings, i.e. a play upon two (sometimes even more) homophones, homographs, near homophones or polysemous lexemes, which is also termed “antanaclasis” or “ploce”, equivalent to another figure of speech in Chinese “huanyi”. Then, “shuangguan” should be created only for “double” sense while pun, without the semantic component “double”, may be in “multiple” sense. This paper expounds and draws principal distinctions between pun and “shuangguan”. Key words: pun; shuangguan; distinction 长期以来国内外语界普遍把pun 与双关视为完全等值的英汉修辞格名称 笔者写过的英语中的双关语载 外国语1986 年第4 期也曾有读者来信商榷，认为拙文中有些例子并非双关语实际上pun 与双关并不完全对应在某些方面它们甚至差别很大由于混同了这两个英汉辞格关于哪些是英语的双关语 哪些不是争论时有发生为了分清是非 辨别这两个英汉辞格的定义和概念非常必要 1. 定义的对应与不对应 英语修辞学里所谓pun 其定义包括两个 方面牛津英语词典对此有完备的记载 The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Vol. XII. P. 832 35 or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect. 用一个 词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同 的联想或者用两个或两个以上发音相同或 相近而意义不同的词以产生一种幽默效 果这一定义的前半部与汉语双关的 定义是吻合的例如 (1a) Sartorius: …What Lickcheese did for me, I do