石油的来源（Sources of oil）.docVIP

石油的来源（Sources of oil） Bio oil generation theory petroleum [1] research has shown that oil generation takes at least 2 million years, and the oldest reservoir in todays discovery is 500 million years old. In the long history of the earths continuous evolution, there are some special periods, such as Paleozoic and Mesozoic, after a large number of plants and animals died, The organic matter that makes up the body breaks down and mixes with sediment or carbonate deposits to form a sedimentary layer. Because the sediments are constantly piling up, As the process continues, the sedimentary layer becomes sedimentary rock, which forms a sedimentary basin, which provides a basic geological environment for the formation of oil. Most geologists believe that petroleum, like coal and natural gas, is formed by long periods of compression and heating of ancient organic matter. According to this theory, oil was formed from prehistoric marine animals and algal bodies. (land plants generally form coal.) After a long geological age, the organic matter was mixed with mud and buried under thick sedimentary rocks. They change gradually under high temperatures and high pressures in the ground, First, paraffin oil shales are formed, which later degenerate into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Since these hydrocarbons are lighter than nearby rocks, they permeate upward into nearby rock formations until they are permeable to the impermeable layer, Itself is long and short in the rock. The oil thus gathered forms an oil field. Oil can be obtained from oil fields by drilling and pumping. Geologists refer to the temperature range of petroleum as oil window. The temperature is too low for oil to form, When the temperature is too high, it will form natural gas. Although the depth of oil formation varies around the world, the typical depth is four to six km. The actual oil field may be much shallower because the oil will leach into other rock formations. Therefore, the formation of oil fields req