词汇语法教材.docxVIP

第一讲动词及动词句型一、动词的分类及物动词不及物动词兼做及物动词和不及物动词的动词双宾语动词动词短语系动词助动词和情态动词及物动词：这类动词通常跟宾语，如：She committed a serious crime. The child needed constant attention. 不及物动词：这类动词都不跟宾语，如：I itch all over. He was shivering all over. The sun is shining. ※兼做及物和不及物动词的词英语中大部分动词都既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。用于一个意义时为及物动词，用于另一个意义时为不及物动词。如：She couldn’t stand the cold. Don’t stand in the rain. He walks very slowly. He is walking his dog slowly. 意思不变的情况下，有时用作及物动词，有时用作不及物动词。Can you help me? VS The medicine helps. Tigers eat meat. VS We eat at six. C) 有些动词可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词，后面可跟介词短语。I’ll fight you. VS They fought with each other. England is playing Australia.VS David played against Louise. 4. ※双宾语动词不少动词可以跟两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。两个宾语的排列有两种顺序：“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“主语+谓语+ 直接宾语+ to/for + 间接宾语”如：They granted us a loan. --- They granted a loan to us. I will lend you my typewriter. --- I’ll lend my typewriter to you. 间接宾语前会用到for的单词有：make，buy，get等。动词短语有时两个词或三个词在一起构成一个成语，作用和一个单一动词差不多，称为动词短语。主要有下面四类：动词+副词：break out, fall behind, come about, put forward， hurry up， knock down动词+介词：account for，call on，run across动词+副词+介词：put up with, look forward to, look down on系动词be动词（is, am, are, was, were, been）表示状态变化的：appear, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, run表示状态维持的：keep, prove, remain, rest, stay, prove表示感官的：feel, look, smell, sound, taste,助动词和情态动词be, have, do 都可以做助动词be 动词用于进行时和被动语态She is writing a novel. She was given a warm welcome. The case was investigated. Have 可以构成完成时态和完成进行时态：She had been out shopping. They have set up a network of financial advice centers. Do 可构成疑问句、否定句，用于强调或代表前面动词以避免重复：When did she get there? He doesn’t know anything about it. Do stay for a couple of days. Shall, will, should, would:Will主要用来构成将来时态，可用于多个人称。When will you be back? I’ll let you know in a day or two. Shall 主要用于第一人称作主语的问句中，征求对方意见：Shall I wait for you? Shall we meet again tomorrow?Would 主要用来构成过去将来时态，可用于多个人称：I knew you would agree. I asked if he would come and join us. 也可用于表示请求：Would you please lo