第九章 感觉器官的功能（The ninth chapter is the function of sensory organs）.docVIP

第九章 感觉器官的功能（The ninth chapter is the function of sensory organs） The ninth chapter is the function of sensory organs The bodys main senses are vision, hearing, smell, taste, body sensation (including skin sensations and deep sensations) and visceral sensations. Section 1 general physiology of receptors and sense organs First, the definition and classification of receptors and sensory organs A receptor is a structure or device that changes the internal or external environment of a body, especially within the body surface or tissue. The sensory cells, together with their appendages, constitute complex sensory organs. Sensory organs have eyes, ears, vestibule, olfactory epithelium, taste buds and other organs, are distributed in the head, known as the special sense organ. Two. The general physiological characteristics of sensilla (1) proper stimulation and specific sensitivity of receptors; Various receptors are highly sensitive to certain stimuli, which are known as specific sensitivities. Each receptor has a certain stimulus. Appropriate stimulus must have a certain intensity of stimulation in order to induce sensation. The minimum stimulus required to induce a sensation is called the sensation threshold. (two) the transduction and receptor potentials of receptors Various receptors convert the energy of their various forms of stimulation into the action potential of the afferent nerve, which is called the transducing action of the receptor. When stimulated, the corresponding potential changes are induced in the receptor cell or sensory nerve terminal, the former is called the receptor potential, and the latter is called the start potential or generator potential. Receptor potential and generator potential are a transitional slow potential with local excitation characteristics. When it triggers the action potential of afferent nerve fibers, it marks the completion of the function of this receptor or sensory organ. (three) the coding function of receptor The sensor ext