第十一章 蛋白质的生物合成(翻译)（The eleventh chapter is protein biosynthesis (translation)）.docVIP

第十一章 蛋白质的生物合成(翻译)（The eleventh chapter is protein biosynthesis (translation)） The eleventh chapter is protein biosynthesis (translation) Teaching target: 1., familiar with the characteristics of genetic code, memory start password and termination password. 2. master the composition and function of protein synthesis system. 3. be familiar with protein biosynthesis process (amino acid activation, translocation and nuclear protein cycle, processing modification and energy change after peptide chain synthesis). 4. to understand the differences in protein synthesis between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Introduction: proteins are the final product of gene expression. DNA carrying the genetic information to the first transcription mRNA, mRNA genetic information encoding and translation (translation) protein in amino acid sequence, including hundreds of protein and 30 kinds of RNA molecular components of this molecule translation machine, its working principle is very complicated, it is a rapid and energy synthesis process. Section 1 protein synthesis system MRNA and genetic code 1. mRNA is a direct template for protein synthesis Prokaryotes a mRNA with related functions of several proteins encoding information, Chengduo cistron (copies of several genes encoding information); a eukaryotic mRNA only with a protein, called monocistron. The generation of mRNA is processed, especially in eukaryotic cells, which results in no complete, one - to - one relationship between the sequence of mRNA and the sequence of DNA. Genetic code (mRNA) is a set of rules that specify the nucleotide sequence of mRNA and translate into amino acid sequence of polypeptide chain, that is, the collinear relationship between nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of polypeptide chain. 2. the genetic code is the three conjoined code In the middle of the twentieth Century, the base number required for encoding 20 amino acids was 3 (43=64), and the codon (codon) should be the three conjoined pair (trip