宇宙常数（Cosmological constant）.docVIP

宇宙常数（Cosmological constant） In 1917, Einstein used his gravitational field equations to examine the universe as a whole. In order to explain the matter density is not static zero exists, he introduced a metric with Zhang Liangcheng equation in proportion, represented by the symbol lambda. The proportionality constant is small and negligible in the galaxy scale range. Only in the cosmic scale, it may have a meaning, so called the cosmological constant. Cosmological constant Cosmic field strength The field intensity of the gravitational field and the repulsive field intensity in the universe is defined as the cosmic field strength C=LMr L0Mr-GMr/a^3=LMr, where L is the cosmological constant. By definition, there is in the sphere, so L0-G/a^3=L is outside the ball L0-G/r^3=L radius of the universe When the radius of the universe is A0, there is L=0, and when a A0, then L=L0. Because of the speed at which the object reaches the speed of light, we cant see it, so we cant see the expansion corresponding to L0. Edit this section of gravitational field equations Harberts law In 1929, Harbert discovered the Harbert law of Galaxy redshift, which determined that the static cosmological model was not in accord with reality. However, some scholars, such as Eddington, Sitter, and Wu Wei, think that cosmological constants may have new physical meanings and should not be easily discarded. At present, scholars do not agree on the cosmological constant, some think it is positive, some think it is negative, others think it is constant, while others think that it changes with time. But most of them tend to take positive values, and their physical significance may represent the energy momentum tensor of the vacuum field of the universe and the repulsive force that may exist in matter. The upper bound of the cosmological constant is estimated to be 10 cm. Model (cosmological) describes the large-scale spatial and temporal structure, motion shape and material evolution of the universe. M