2012年中考数学第二轮复习_专题讲解_归纳与猜想（In 2012 second round of review on the senior high school entrance examination mathematics _ _ induction and conjecture）.docVIP

2012年中考数学第二轮复习_专题讲解_归纳与猜想（In 2012 second round of review on the senior high school entrance examination mathematics _ _ induction and conjecture） Three. Induction and conjecture I. summary of knowledge Induction is an important method of reasoning, based on specific facts and special phenomena, through experiments, observations, comparisons, generalizations of general principles and conclusions. Conjecture is a kind of intuitional thinking. It is a way of thinking through the experiment, observation and induction of the object of study, and its laws and conclusions. Guesses are often acquired by intuition, and proper sums can make guesses more accurate. In the process of induction and conjecture, we should be good at finding the unchangeable essence and law from the particularity of change. Two, understand, master Example 1. Fill in the blanks with an equal sign or an equal sign: (1) 2x compared with the size of x 2 + 1 When x = 2, 2x x + 1; When x = 1, 2x x + 1; When x = 1, 2x x 21. (2) can speculate: when the X is any real number, 2x x 21. Analysis: the problem is to find and guess general rules by calculation. It is the key to correctly calculate and find the rules. Solution: (1) =, , (2). Example 2. Observe the calculation of the rationalization of the following denominator: ,,, ... Find out the law from the result of calculation, and use this rule to calculate: =. Analysis: this solution, to seize every rational after the result is the difference between two numbers, and can offset cancellation. Also note that what is left after the cancellation. Solution: = = =2002 - 1 =2001. In 3 cases, observed the following table: 1234... first line 2345... Second elements 3456... Third elements 4567... Fourth elements ............ The first column, the second column, the third column, the fourth column According to the data reflected by the law, sixth lines and sixth cross point conjecture on the number of columns for twenty million birds, the N and the n column for twen