微生物染色技术（Microbial dyeing technology）.docVIP

微生物染色技术（Microbial dyeing technology） Microbial dyeing technology Since microbial cells contain a large amount of water (usually over 80-90%), the absorption and reflection of light are not very different from those in aqueous solutions, and there is no obvious difference in light and shade with the surrounding environment. Therefore, in addition to observing the motility of living microorganisms and direct counting of bacteria, most cases must be stained before they can be observed under a microscope. But any technology is not perfect. After dyeing, the microbial specimens are dead. In the process of dyeing, the morphology and structure of microorganisms will undergo some changes, which can not fully represent the real situation of their living cells, and must be paid attention to when dyeing. This section consists of four parts: First, the basic principles of dyeing Two, the types and choice of dyes Three, the basic procedure of making and dyeing Four, dyeing method First, the basic principles of dyeing The basic principle of microbial dyeing is based on the aid of physical and chemical factors. Physical factors such as capillarity, osmosis and adsorption of dyes by cells and cell substances. Chemical factors are based on the different properties of cells, substances, and dyes. The acid substance is easy to adsorb to the basic dye, and the adsorption is stable; similarly, the alkaline substance is easy to adsorb to the acid dye. Such as acidic material, the nucleus of the alkaline dye has a chemical affinity, easy to adsorption. However, in order to make acidic materials get acidic materials, it is necessary to change their physical form (such as changing the pH value), which is beneficial to the adsorption. In contrast, an alkaline substance (such as the cytoplasm) is usually only capable of dyeing acid dyes. If they are turned into suitable physical forms, they can also adsorb with basic dyes. The isoelectric point of bacteria is low, and the value of pH is about