尼克松政府放松对华管制政策出台前后.PDF

2009 9 * 尼克松政府放松对华管制政策出台前后 张 静 12 美国政府放松对华贸易和旅行管制, 是尼克松政府缓和中美关系的第一个 方面主动政 策。尽管放松对华管制政策之议酝酿自约翰逊政府, 尼克松就职后更被认真筹划, 但选择在尼克松环 球旅行之前低调宣布, 则是尼克松和基辛格在观察中苏军事冲突、考量美苏关系基础之上, 对中、美、 苏三角关系的全盘设计。从政策内容制定到出台时间选择, 均源自华盛顿内部力量的妥协和审慎的运筹。 12 尼克松政府; 中美关系; 放松对华管制; 三角外交战略 12 D232; D819 12 A 12 1003- 3815( 2009) - 09- 0052- 10 An E xam ination of the Announcem en t of N ix on A dm in is tration. s Po licy for R e laxing Con trol over Ch ina Zhang Jing A b strac t: The relaxation on the American control on hina in respect to trade and travelw as the first unilateral policy taken by the N ixon Adm inistration on its own initiative for the purpose of easing off Sino2American rela2 tions. onsiderations over relaxation of the controlon hina could be traced to the Johnson Adm inistration but it was only afterN ixon assum ed office that these considerations began to be seriously put into practice. The low2key announcement just before N ixon started his round2the2world tourw as a result of overallplanning of the triangle re2 lations among hina, the US and the USSR on the basis of observation of the Sino2Sovietm ilitary conflicts and studies ofAmerican and Soviet relations by N ixon andK issinger. In short, everything in the process from the for2 mulation of this policy to the tmi ing of its announcementw as rooted in the comprom ise bewt een and careful plan2 ning by the internal forces inW ashington. 1969年 7月21日, 尼克松总统进行访问亚 半个世纪的不解之缘6, 河南人民出版社, 2005年, 第 127页; 沈剑虹: 5使美八年纪要) ) ) 沈剑虹回忆 欧多国的环球旅行前,