初中英语副词的语法解析(五).docxVIP

初中英语副词的语法解析（五）十、疑问副词1. 疑问副词的特点。疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑问句：Where do you come from? 你是哪里人？When will it be ready? 这什么时候能准备好？Why was she crying? 她刚才为什么哭？2. 使用疑问副词应注意的几点(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样？(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵？Why not ask the teacher? / Why don’t you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢？注：Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didn’t you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地？十一、句子副词1. 句子副词的特点。句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单个的词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如 actually, apparently, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。2. 句子副词在句中的位置。句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：Obviously, he can’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现句中：He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearly, he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)Seriously, I really think he likes you. 真的，我的确认为他喜欢你。(句子副词)I have never seriously thought about it. 我从未认真考虑过它。(方式副词)十二、副词的句法功能1. 用作状语He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。Look at the photo carefully. 仔细看看这张照片。You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。2. 用作表语The meeting is over. 会议结束了。Is anyone upstairs? 楼上有人吗？Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的？注：在通常情况下，用作表语时不用副词而用形容词，如可说The woman is beautiful，而不说 The woman is beautifully；可说The cloth feels soft，不能说 The cloth feels softly。英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词(如here, there, up, down, away, nearby, about, back, in, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, upstairs, downstairs, off, though, on, over 等)，而且只能用于连系动词be 后作表语，而不用于其他连系动词后作表语，如可说He is here 或 He is abroad，但不能说He seems here 或 He seems