分家协议与继承法的冲突与融合 毕业论文.docVIP

I 分家协议与继承法的冲突与融合 摘 要 以嫡长子继承制为核心的分家协议制度自战国中期以来在中国社会已经延 续二千多年，主要调整土地和房屋等家产在多子家庭中的传承与流动。在这一 体系内部，已经形成较为稳定的内容与程序，效力也受到历代封建王朝的肯 定。但是，随着清末基于政治要求移植西方法运动的盛行，继承制度正式取代 了分家制度，成为了我国法律意义上正统的财产传承制度，而分家协议则悄然 退出了国家法舞台。然时至今日，分家协议仍然作为一种风俗习惯广泛存在于 中国民间，尤其是广大农村地区，并实际发挥着重要的作用。由于法律的缺 失，学界与司法界对分家协议的性质与效力意见不一。在涉分家协议的案件审 理过程中，法官往往因其内容的不公允而否定其效力，忽视了签订协议时各方 的真实意思表示情况。一味如此，既无法保护协议各方当事人的预期利益，也 无益于纠纷的真正解决，甚至可能导致民间法与国家法矛盾冲突的日益加剧。 继承行为的家庭属性及继承的伦理特质决定了分家协议在继承法中适用的必要 性，也为在继承法重构过程中扬弃分家协议提供了良好的土壤。鉴于此，本文 从分家协议的性质入手，指出其契约性的本质，在继承法修订的过程中提议认 可其协议的本质，并辅之以特留份、必留份等制度，尽可能在私产处分领域以 尊重当事人的意思自治作为首要原则，肯定分家协议的效力，同时对协议中不 尽完善之处予以法律的强行性干预，从而兼顾契约自由与法律规制间的冲突， 真正实现二者的融合，同时也为司法领域提供切实可行的裁判依据，真正实现 定纷止争。 关键词：分家协议；继承法；冲突；融合  II The Conflict and Fusion between the Law of Succession and the Division Agreement of family Abstract From Qin dynasty, the division agreement of family which emphasizes the “sons equalization system” has lasted for two thousand years, it is usually for the multi-son family to handle the property inheritance, such as land and house. In the system, it has a relatively stable content and procedures, the effectiveness has also be affirmed by feudal dynasties. However, for the political purpose, the late Qing dynasty transplanted western laws, the inheritance system as the legal system of property inheritance officially replaced the division agreement of family. But till now, as a folk custom, the division agreement of the family is still widespread in china, especially in rural areas, and plays an important role. Due to lack of law, academia and the judiciary both have different opinions about the nature and the effectiveness of the division agreement of family. In cases involving the division agreement, the judge denies the validity because of the content which maybe is not fair, while ignoring the true meaning of parties who signed the agreement at that situation. Simply so, it not only cannot protect the expected interests of the both parties, but also cannot really solve the dispute, to be worse, it ma