论古典经济学批判和黑格尔哲学批判的一致性——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》研究 毕业论文.docVIP

I 论古典经济学批判和黑格尔哲学批判的一致性 —— 《 1844 年经济学哲学手稿》研究 摘 要 本文以马克思剖析 “ 私有财产 ” 和 “ 市民社会 ” 为切入点，探讨了《 1844 年经济学哲学手稿》 （以下简称《手稿》 ）中，古典经济学批判和黑格尔哲学批 判的一致性。 《手稿》中，古典经济学、黑格尔哲学的批判同私有财产、市民 社会的剖析是相互交织、促进的关系。此过程体现了两者批判的一致性：理论 层面，马克思批判了古典经济学和黑格尔哲学理论本身，指明两种理论共有的 积极成果和缺陷 —— 以私有财产为前提的劳动观， 并认为他们都对市民社会采 取无批判的实证主义的态度，只论证社会的统一性。此外，此两者批判也为剖 析市民社会作了理论准备。现实层面，由于，私有财产处于资本与劳动辩证运 动中。它是历史地发展着的。另一方面，在古典经济学中，私有财产和异化劳 动是理论现实前提。 在黑格尔哲学中， 私有财产和异化劳动是哲学的推动原则。 可见，它们是一个事物的两个方面。这样，私有财产的历史性分析，特别是资 本与劳动的历史性分析，既是对私有财产和市民社会的剖析，又是剖析两种理 论的现实基础。进而，私有财产的扬弃既是对市民社会的扬弃，也是对它的观 念形态的扬弃。因此，私有财产的历史性分析及私有财产和市民社会的扬弃是 两者批判在现实中的延续和完成。第一，剖析两种理论共有的现实矛盾 —— 资 本与劳动的矛盾。第二，以人的、感性的、现实的对象性活动为原则的自由人 联合体社会是两者批判在现实中的完成。 关键词：私有财产；异化劳动；资本；历史性；市民社会；古典经济学； 黑格尔哲学 II The Critical Consistency Between Theory of Classical Economics and Hegel’s Philosophy — The research of The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 Abstract Based on analyzed ‘private property’ and ‘civil society’,this paper study the critical consistency between the theory of Classical economics and Hegel’s philosophy in the economic and philosophic manuscript of 1844. In the manuscript,the relationship between the critique of theory of Classical economics and Hegel’s philosophy,and the analysis of private property and civil society,were interaction and promotion each other. This process reflected the critical consistency. In the theoretical level,Marx had analyzed Classic economics and Hegel’s philosophy,which was the theoretic preparation for analyzed civil society. Through this analysis,Marx had pointed that the view of labor which based on private property was its common positive achievements and faults. And than,He had thought that those theories took positivism which was no critique. So,its theories had only proved the uniformity of civil society. In the realistic level,Because Private property was the intrinsic relationship between capital and labor. Its relationship was historic development. Meanwhile, in Classical economics, Private property and estranged labor were the re