齐民要术〈蔓菁〉考释-建国科技大学.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 25 《齊民要術》〈蔓菁〉考釋 涂茂齡? ?建國科技大學 通識教育中心 專任講師 摘要 蔓菁是一種古老的蔬菜，自《詩經》開始，就有蔓菁的記載。由於種植面積的廣大，而各地方言的不同，所以名稱也非常多，有稱為葑、菲、菘、須、蕘、薞、蕪根、九英菘、馬王菜、諸葛菜等。 古時對蔬菜亞種的觀念尚不清楚，所以常把蔓菁與菘和蘆菔混淆不清，直至《齊民要術》的出現，才將這些不同「屬」的蔬菜區隔出來。蔓菁的耕作在《齊民要術》中的敘述也非常詳盡，充分展現了賈思勰發展農村經濟的正面企圖。所以他對於蔓菁的食用與經濟效益，就有非常詳細的記載。 古代的醫學當中，講究「食療同源」，對蔓菁根、子、花的療效有精細的研究。蔓菁根的通腸益氣，蔓菁子的明目、美白，都是古人實用之學的研究結晶。 由於蔓菁是很平常的菜蔬，而且南北皆有，所以深入一般大眾的生活當中，在種植的園蔬中，幾乎都有蔓菁的影子，所以在文人的詩詞中，蔓菁也成了文人用來描述貧困生活當中的一種美味。而且蔓菁曾在三國時期和劉備與諸葛亮有過關聯，因此後來的文人也常把它拿來做為典故以明己志。 這些屬於蔓菁的種種敘述，讓蔓菁在整個的文化中所呈現的不只是一種蔬菜，而是從古至今在文化上與生活上智慧的象徵。 關鍵字：蔓菁、諸葛菜、蔬菜、齊民要術 A Study of turnip in the book of Qi Min Yao Shu Mou-Lin Tu Lecture, General Abstract Turnip is an age-old vegetable, starting from the book of poem-script, there is record on turnip. Due to the overwhelming majority of the cultivated area, and throughout the different dialects, so many names, known as, the phe, song, shue, shen, xu-ken, nine-en-song, ma-wang vegetables, orychophragmus, etc. Vegetable subspecies of the ancient concept is not so clear, so often the turnip, Lu turnip and cabbage are confused, until Qi Min Yao Shu, which differentiates the different “type” of vegetables. Man-Jing in farming, Qi Min Yao Shu, also described the cultrate methods in great detail. The book also fully demonstrated the attempt of Cha Si-Shie to develop the rural economy. So, there are very detailed records on the healthy effects of the vegetable. Ancient medical pay attentions on the so-called the same originality of food/therapeutics”. Detailed research results were available for the root, the seed, and the flower of the turnip”. For example, the root has a positive effect for stomach and the seed has brighten-effect for eyes and beautify-effect for female. Turnip is not an unusual vegetable, which is available from the North to South. It deeply involved to the daily life of the public. Almost all the cultivation of vegetable includes turnip. So, the writers and poets adopt turnip as a symbol of poverty delicious life-style. Turnip,