教育学原(英)重点整理.docxVIP

Progressivism?进步/实用主义is?established?by?Dewey.?It?emphasizes?change?as?the?essence?of?reality,?the?importance?of?science?and?the?value?of?democracy.?Helping?individuals?learn?how?to?solve?problems?is?the?purpose?of?education.?Students?should?be?allowed?to?develop?naturally.?Scientific?method?is?of?most?worthy?knowledge.?Students?should?decide?what?is?worth?knowing.?The?only?thing?that?matters?is?student?freedom.?Any?subject?that?is?useful?should?be?included?in?the?curriculum.?Teachers?must?find?ways?to?stimulate?激励?student?interest??and?move?their?learning?to?deeper?levels.?It?has?been?complained?that?the?schools?had?gone?soft?and?students?were?not?learning?academic?content?at?a?level?necessary?to?keep?the?nation?strong.?Critics?claimed?that?few?students?were?pursuing?academic?subjects.?Professional-development?phases职业发展阶段1.pretrainingYour?personal?experiences?and?the?attitudes?you?developed?before?enrolling?in?any?teacher-preparation?courses.?2.formal?preparation?(1)core?studies(2)teaching?specializations?and?academic?major(3)professional?education?3.induction?yearsThe?first?years?in?teaching?implies?that?on?one?assumes?you?will?arrive?on?the?job?fully?formed?as?a?professional?educator.?4.continuing?growth(1)staff-development?opportunities(2)college?and?university?courses(3)work?associated?with?professional?organizations Key?assessment?terms1.assessment评价refers?to?the?purposeful?collection?of?data?from?a?variety?of?sources?for?the?purpose?of?rendering实施?a?judgement.?Useful?information?sources?include?tests,?observations?of?learners?in?class?performances,?abilities?to?complete?projects?and?abilities?to?succeeded?on?tasks?associated?with?daily?assignments.?2.measurment量化involves?quantifying?the?presence?or?absence?of?a?quality,?trait特点,?or?attribute属性.??Standardized?test?and?teacher-constructed?assessment?are?the?two?main?types?of?measurement?tools.?3.evaluation评估is?interpreting解释?the?meaning?of?the?data.?Is?the?intellectual?process?of?making?a?judgement?about?the?wo