法律英语3 court.pptx

Legal EnglishLesson Three?Jurisdiction管辖权司法管辖权，或称为审判权，是指法院或司法机构对诉讼进行聆讯和审判的权力。在大部份地区，不同法院的司法管辖权是不同的，级别、区域独立级别管辖 基院-中院-高院-最高院地域管辖 原被告所在地/侵权行为指定管辖移送管辖Special Court军事法院（MILITARY COURT）是国家设立在军队中的审判机关。管辖范围军事法院作为专门人民法院，是国家设立在军队中的审判机关。军事法院对军内人员犯罪的案件依法行使审判权，军内人员主要包括现役军官、文职干部、士兵等。案件受理军事法院直接受理下列案件：遗弃伤员案；虐待俘虏案。即这两类军人的职务犯罪，不由军队保卫部门侦查、不由军事检察院公诉，由军事法院直接办案。Special CourtsFamily court(U.S. U.K.)A?family court?is a?court?convened to decide matters and make?orders?in relation to?family law, such as?custody of children.?/courts/FamilyCourt.aspx/courts/FamilyCourt.aspxJudicial SystemThroughout the United States there are two judicial systems. One system consists of state and local courts established under the authority of the state governments. The other is the Supreme Court and the federal court system, created by Congress under the authority of the Constitution of the United States.法律英语美国司法制度特点联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权 judicial review通过案例审查联邦或州的立法或行政行为是否违宪法院组织分为联邦和地方两大系统法律英语普通法院特别法院the Supreme Court U.S. Circuit Court / Court of Appeals district courtU.S. Tax CourtU.S. Bankruptcy CourtsMilitary Court美国联邦法院法律英语Tax Court specializes in adjudicating disputes over?/wiki/Federal_income_taxfederal income tax, generally prior to the time at which formal tax assessments are made by the?/wiki/Internal_Revenue_ServiceInternal Revenue Service./wiki/Original_jurisdictionoriginal?and?/wiki/Exclusive_jurisdictionexclusive jurisdiction?over all cases arising under the bankruptcy code， bankruptcy court only has the authority to hear bankruptcy cases.Federal Courts地方法院共有94所，分散在全国各州境内，由1名法官独任审理。上诉法院是第二审级法院。最高法院设在华盛顿，由首席法官(chief judge)1人、法官(associate judge)8人组成。Each court of appeals has four or more judges who sit in panels of three to review district court decisions, as well as some decisions of administrative agencies.每个上诉法院都有4个或更多法官，他们组成3人小组，审议地区法院的裁决和行政机关的一些决定。法律英语A losing litigant in the court of appeals may, in some cases, be able to obtain review by the United State