实测天体物理讲义（刘学富）观测天体物理学6-4-1.pdfVIP

§6.4 空间红外天文观测 • 高空气球 altitudes as high as 25 miles. In 1963, • 机载红外观测 The Kuiper Airborne Observatory，discover the rings of Uranus in 1977. • 火箭 1969首次 AFGL(Air Force Geophysics Laboratory)， 1971-1974年, 16.5cm,中红外巡天, 3000个天体 观测时间短, 花费大 • 红外卫星 IRAS，ISO，Spitzer , Herschel(2008) Galaxies this faint have never been seen before. In 1996 the HST created one of the most famous pictures of modern astronomy, the Hubble Deep Field (HDF). Now HST has returned to a piece of the HDF for a long exposure by its new NICMOS camera. The resulting image, shown above in representative color, shows known galaxies in a new light, and previously unknown galaxies probably farther than anything ever seen before. Galaxies as dim as magnitude 30 are visible. IRAS红外卫星巡天 /IRASdocs/iras.html IRAS(Infrared Astronomical Satellite)红外天文卫星 是1983年由美国、英国、荷兰三国联合发射的，它的轨道 在太阳同步轨道上空900km 的地球明暗边界上, 以一些以 太阳为中心的圆形轨道上作了十个月的巡天探测。 望远镜口径57cm，焦比F/9.56(5.5m focal length)，62个 红外探测器和8个可见光探测器及低分辨率光谱仪，对 10—100 μm 的波长范围进行巡天。第一、二次完成了对 全天98% 的巡天观测，第三次由于液氧耗尽，只完成了 75%的巡天。 数据处理由NASA 的红外分析处理中心IPAC(INFRARED PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS CENTER The focal plane assembly contained the survey detectors, visible star sensors for position reconstruction, a Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS and a Chopped Photometric Channel (CPC). The focal plane assembly was located at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope and was cooled to about 3 K. In the table below, the center wavelengths are in µm. For the survey array, the FOV is determined by the rather large detector mask size and is roughly the native resolution of the data in that band. The resolution of the IRAS image data is not governed by the resolution of the telescope, which was diffraction limited longwards of 12 µm, but by the size of the detectors. Survey Array Center # working FOV B