《英语修辞学》第十章.ppt

English Rhetoric Contents of This Chapter 10.1 Simile 10.2 Metaphor 10.3 Metonymy 10.4 Synecdoche 10.5 Antonomasia 10.6 Personification 10.7 Parody 10.8 Synesthesia 10.9 Transferred Epithet 10.1 Simile 10.3 Metonymy 10.4 Synecdoche 10.6 Personification 10.7 Parody 10.8 Synesthesia (2) Sources of Antonomasia: From the Bible or mythology E.g. Eden----paradise Judas------a traitor Damon and Pythias------lifelong friends From history E.g. Nero------a tyrant Caesar------great man From literature E.g. Uncle Tom----- a Negro who compromises and conforms with the whites 典出罗马和希腊民间传说。公元前4世纪在意大利的叙拉古(Syracuse)有一对生死之交的好友名叫达蒙(Damon)和皮西厄斯)Pythias。皮西厄斯因为触犯国王狄奥尼西奥斯(Dyonysius)被判死刑。他很想在死去之前见见父母亲和朋友，于是他请求暴君放他回家一趟，并保证按时回来伏法。但是，暴君不相信他会信守诺言，认为他只不过想借机会逃走。这时达蒙挺身而出，愿代皮西厄斯在狱中受刑。暴君钦佩达蒙的勇敢，就准了他们的请求。转眼之间刑期到了，但皮西厄斯没有回来。达蒙作好了死的准备，他对朋友的信赖一如既往，坚定不移。他知道这一定是他朋友身不由己或路途受阻。因为他是为所爱的人死的，所以显得十分坦然，丝毫不感到悲伤。就在他被押赴刑场的最后时刻，皮西厄斯及时赶到了。暴风雨和船只失事使他耽搁了。达蒙和皮西厄斯如此信赖，他们的友情如此真挚深厚，连暴君都为之感动，于是，他放了他们俩。暴君还不无感慨地说：“我愿意用我的全部财产换取这样一位朋友。” 在英语中Damon and Pythias一语就被人们用来表示“莫逆之交”，“生死之交”，刎颈之交。其中Pythias这一名词在西塞罗著作中原为Phintias，而在古希腊传说中则为Phinotias。1564年英国剧作家爱德华兹(Richard Edwards)创作了Damon and Pythias一剧，使这一故事得以广为流传。Pythias这一形式虽属讹误，但却在英语中一直沿用了下来。例：The Damon and Pythias of the establishment were Damon and Pythias no longer. They were ready to fly each at the other’s throat.这家公司的两位生死之交已经再也称不上莫逆了，他们成了不共戴天的仇人了。 Definition: It is a figure of speech which attributes human characteristics to impersonal things, such as animals, inanimate objects, or abstractions. (2) Personification is usually employed to add vividness to expression. It can be produced by the use of verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns. (3) Personification can be divided into the following types Animals and plants Inanimate objects Abstract idea Nouns of time and place used as subjects followed by verbs as see, find, notice, discover, witness, take, etc. Personification is often used in proverbs Definition: It is a kind of imita