上海交通大学医学院诊断学双语教材.doc

上海交通大学医学院诊断学双语教材 Clinical Diagnostics （临床诊断学） 仁济临床医学院诊断学教研室 An Introduction to Clinical Diagnostics After you finish your premedical courses, you are now going to touch patients. The clinical diagnosis serves as a bridge between premedical and clinical medicine. It includes physical diagnosis, Laboratory diagnosis and some instrumental examination. Formerly these are taught separately but now our country they are combined to form one course, which is now called clinical diagnosis. The medical students are the physicians of tomorrow, and as such, you need information from every source to unravel the mystery of the patients’ illness. Physical diagnosis deals with such information through the two most fundamental skills, the interrogation and physical examination. Interrogation means to get the history in detail of a patient’s illness and the best way as to let the patient tell his story in his own. As some crucial points might be overlooked by the patients, you will ask many searching questions to make the history complete and more informative. Occasionally a patient will not or cannot give a straight story, you may interrogate his (her)family members or friends to get more information date. The next step is then to do a physical examination. The body of the patient will be examined meticulously in every way possible by you, using all of your five senses. A physical examination usually includes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Here our ancient doctors had given great contributions. Almost two thousand years ago they had developed inspection, interrogation, smell and pulse palpation to make diagnosis and develop many syndromes which are still useful clinically today. After that you can make a preliminary analysis, correlating the history with positive physical signs, determining the organs involved and even set down a preliminary diagnosis, which we usually call it an impression but not a definite diagnosis. A definite diagnos