转炉炼钢原理.pptVIP

CHAPTER 9 Oxygen Steelmaking Processes 9.1 Introduction In 1952, the first LD steelmaking plant in the world was put into operation at Vereinigte ?terreichische Eisen- und Stahlwerke (V?ST) in Linz. A half year later the second LD plant went into operation at ?terreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft (?MG) in Donawitz. Linde-Fr?kl process was discovered in 1928 for the large-scale production of oxygen; In his first attempt to refine hot metal with air, Henry Bessemer melted pig iron in an externally heated fire-clay crucible, deeply submerged a fire-clay blowpipe from above and blew air into the metal bath. This idea was suggested in his patent letter in 1855. These characteristics essentially form the basis for large-scale industrial application: 1. High reaction speeds allow high production rates. 2. The refractory lining and oxygen nozzle are at a sufficient distance from the hot spot and are thus not damaged. 3. The refining processes with pure oxygen ensure the high quality of the steel. 4. The simplicity in the process and systems results in low investment and operation costs. Fifty years later, the development of the LD process and its immediate large-scale industrial implementation are still recognized as great and unique achievements. The fast-paced victory march of the LD process is explained by the high potential of further development and optimization that are inherent in this method of steelmaking. Another important aspect is that the invention was made at just the right time. Many a good idea is not crowned with success because it comes either too soon or too late. The development of the LD process was evolutionary; however, its implementation and impact on the entire steelmaking industry was revolutionary. Table 9.1 Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Event Times 9.2.1 Types of Oxygen Steelmaking Processes 9.3 Raw Materials 1. Hot metal: 4.0– 4.5% carbon, 0.3–1.5% silicon, 0.25–2.2% manganes