ArcSDE学习笔记.doc

ArcSDE笔记 1. Geodatabase An ArcGIS geodatabase is a collection of geographic datasets of various types held in a common file system folder, a Microsoft Access database, or a multiuser relational database (such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, Informix, or IBM DB2). 1.1 Geodatabase基础数据集 A key geodatabase concept is the dataset. It is the primary mechanism used to organize and use geographic information in ArcGIS. The geodatabase contains three primary dataset types: Feature classes Raster datasets Tables 要素类（Feature classes） 在ArcSDE中，现实世界的物体被抽象成对象，组织成图层，这些图层叫要素类。要素类允许用户归类相同类型的要素（点Points、线Lines、面Areas、标注Annotation）组成成一个存贮单元，在Geodatabase中，一个要素类只能有一个实体类型。Geodatabase用要素集归组要素类。 要素集 要素类把同类地理实体归组到一个存贮单元。被归组的要素类不必有相同的空间范围，但是必须要有相同的坐标系。给要素集指定的坐标系、比例和偏移量应用于数据集内的所有要素类。 要素集被用作逻辑容器，提供网络或平面拓扑。网络拓扑定义在点和线要素上，它标识几何网络模型的边线和焦点。平面拓扑描述了要素类间的几何关系。在这种关系中，编辑一个要素类将影响数据集内的另一个要素类。 1.2 基于文件和表的Geodatabase存储 Geodatabase storage includes both the schema and rule base for each geographic dataset plus simple, tabular storage of the spatial and attribute data. All three primary datasets in the geodatabase (feature classes, attribute tables, and raster datasets) as well as other geodatabase elements are stored using tables. The spatial representations in geographic datasets are stored as either vector features or as rasters. These geometries are stored and managed in attribute columns along with traditional tabular attribute fields. 1.3 高级地理数据类型 Various geodatabase elements are used to extend simple tables, features, and rasters to model spatial relationships(空间关系建模), add rich behavior, improve data integrity(改善数据完整性), and extend the geodatabases capabilities for data management(扩展GDB数据管理能力) . The geodatabase schema includes the definitions, integrity rules, and behavior for each of these extended capabilities. These include properties for coordinate systems, coordinate resolution, feature classes, topologies, networks, raster catalogs, relationships, domains, and so forth. This schema