国际商务礼仪Chapter Two.ppt

英美法认为，未成年人、精神病人、酗酒者，都是缺乏缔约能力的人。 未成年人订立的合同，在其成年之后，可以追认，也可以撤销。 精神病人订立的合同无效。 酗酒者订立的合同原则上有效。但是，如果酗酒者在订立合同时由于醉酒而失去行为能力，可要求撤销合同。 Minor: a person below the age of majority A minor can enter into any contract that an adult can enter into, as long as it is not prohibited by law Disaffirmance撤销 Ratification追认 Cases: Ralph, an adult, enters into a contract with Betty, who is a minor, to buy Betty’s house for $30,000. Ralph buys the house and has lived in it for 1 year. At the end of the year, Betty, still a minor, decides to disaffirm the contract. Is it possible? Intoxicated Persons酗酒者 the mental capacity of the intoxicated person and his understanding of legal consequences. Mentally Incompetent Persons智力不全者 Whether they can comprehend the subject matter, nature and consequences of their actions at the time of entering into a certain contract For an agreement to be a valid contract, the contracting parties must have legal capacity to enter into transactions. 为了让契约成为有效的合同，签订合同的双方必须具有参加交易的法律行为能力。 A party lacks capacity to contract if he is incapable of a full understanding of his rights and nature, purpose and legal effects of the contract. 一方如果不能完全理解他的权利及合同的性质、目的与法律效力，那么他就缺乏合同能力。 2.9 Legality 合法性 Contrary to Statute Contrary to Public Policy 违反公共政策的合同 如限制竞争的合同 不道德的合同 如对婚姻家庭起不良影响的合同 违法的合同 如赌博合同 Contracts Contrary to statute Gambling; human trafficking; drug smuggling Licensing Statutes Physicians, lawyers, real estate brokers, electricians, and stockbrokers The legal effectiveness of a contract entered into with an unlicensed individual: Regulatory-Contract illegal Revenue Raising-Contract enforceable Contracts Contrary to Public Policy To obstruct justice, interfere with public, defraud creditors, escape liability, and restrain trade Effect of Illegality (Generally): unenforceability; no recovery 2.10 Form of the Contract 合同的形式 the Statute of Frauds防止欺诈法