脑科学课件.ppt

* IV. Hemispheric Differences Module 8: The Brain * A. Left Hemisphere Spoken language is one of the clearest differences between the two hemispheres. For most people, language functions are in the left hemisphere. * 1. Broca’s Area Located in the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere Responsible for the muscle movements of speech Damage to this area causes problems in expressing thoughts in spoken language * PET Scan of Broca’s Area * * Broca’s Area This is the brain of “Tal” from whom Broca discovered the area for speech. Note the damage to Broca’s Area. * 2. Wernicke’s Area Located in the temporal lobe (usually on the left side) Gives us the ability to understand what is said to us * * PET Scan of Wernicke’s Area * B. Right Hemisphere Spatial skills - being able to perceive or organize things in a given space, judge distance, etc. Relationships and emotions * Right Brain: emotion, relationships, music Left Brain: language, math, reasoning * C. Plasticity The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions Greatest in childhood Important if parts of the brain are damaged or destroyed * V. Imaging Techniques CAT Scan: X-rays taken from different angles of the brain MRI: computer generated images of soft tissue in the brain EEG: electrodes on the scalp measure waves of electrical activity in the brain PET: a visual display of brain activity based on glucose (blood sugar) * The End Any questions? * 三、亨廷顿病 是一种病变涉及纹状体、大脑皮层为主的中枢神经系统退行性变性疾病。 临床主要表现有舞蹈样不自主动作和进行性痴呆。早期的症状包括身体和四肢的不随意运动、显著的人格改变、抑郁、逐渐变得健忘。随着病情加重，说话变得急促不清，吞咽困难，步态不稳。 * 七　脑功能研究技术 一．脑电图 二．脑成像技术 1　电子计算机断层扫描（CT） 2　正电子发射型计算机断层显像(PET) 3　核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) 三　人脑数字化“地图集” 四　“脑－机接口”（Brain Computer Interface，BCI） * 八　人类脑计划和神经信息学 人类脑计划的基本概念萌芽于1980年代早期的美国，主要内容在于利用计算机技术建立脑的数据库或模型。随着信息技术的日益成熟，神经科学迫切需要将实验手段与电子“能力”开发相结合。到1993年4月由美国联邦资助小组联合发布“人类脑计划”(Human Brain Project,HBP)第一个项目公告“HBP：第一期可行性研究”。从此，它得到与“人类基因组计划（HGP）”相媲美的“人类脑计划”名称。 * 神经信息学(Neuroinformatics)是研究神经系统信息的载