汽车排气系统外文翻译.docVIP

Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the air pollution-causing emissions produced by automobiles. Exhaust emissions control systems were first required on 1966 model year vehicles produced for sale in the state of California, followed by the United States as a whole in model year 1968. the overall reduction in pollution has been much slower. The emissions produced by a vehicle fall into three basic categories:Tailpipe emissions: This is what most people think of when they think of vehicle air pollution; the products of burning fuel in the vehicles engine, emitted from the vehicles exhaust system. The major pollutants emitted include: Hydrocarbons: this class is made up of unburned or partially burned fuel, and is a major contributor to urban smog, as well as being toxic. They can cause liver damage and even cancer. Nitrogen oxides (NOx): These are generated when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen under the high temperature and pressure conditions inside the engine. NOx emissions contribute to both smog and acid rain. Carbon monoxide (CO): a product of incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen and is dangerous to people with heart disease. Carbon dioxide (CO2): Emissions of carbon dioxide are an increasing concern as its role in global warming as a greenhouse gas has become more apparent. Particulates. Particle of micron size. Sulphur oxide (SOx) General term for oxides of sulphur, mostly sulfur dioxide and some sulfur trioxide, from coal or unrefined oil. Tailpipe emissions controlTailpipe emissions control can be categorised into three parts:Increasing engine efficiency Increasing vehicle efficiency Cleaning up the emissions Increasing engine efficiencyEngine efficiency has been gradually improved with progress in following technologies:Electronic ignition Fuel injection systems Electronic control unit Increasing vehicle efficiencyContributions to the goa