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Chewing mouthparts Section 1 The form and structure of insects 缺刻 孔洞 潜叶 钻蛀 Piercing-sucking mouthparts Section 1 The form and structure of insects 刺吸式口器害虫危害状 变色 畸形 卷缩 直接刺吸植物汁液 （4）insect orientation Hypognathous 下口式 Prognathous 前口式 Opisthorhynchous 后口式 Section 1 The form and structure of insects Thorax 昆虫身体的第二体段，由前胸、中胸和后胸组成：并各具一对足，分别称为前足、中足和后足。大多数在中胸及后胸各具一对翅，分别称为前翅和后翅。翅与足是运动器官，因而胸部是昆虫的运动中心。 第一节 昆虫的形态识别 蝗虫的前胸背板 ?角蝉的前胸背板 第一节 昆虫的形态识别 1.胸 足 ?足的构造图解（仿彩万志） 构造:成虫的胸足一般分为6节，由基部向端部依次称为基节、转节、腿节、胫节、跗节和前跗节。各节间由膜相连接，是各节活动的部位 第一节 昆虫的形态识别 图1：?足的构造图解（仿彩万志） ?步甲的步行足 蝗虫的跳跃足 ?螳螂的捕捉足 ?蝼蛄的开掘足 蜜蜂携粉足 2. 翅 翅是昆虫的飞行器官，一般为膜质,近似于三角形，翅面上有纵脉、横脉和翅室。有3条边、3个角、3条褶，把翅面划分为4个区。 图1：?昆虫的翅褶模式图（仿Snodgrass） 第一节 昆虫的形态识别 鞘翅：翅质地坚硬如角质，如甲虫的前翅。 鳞翅 ：翅质地为膜质，但翅上有许多鳞片，如蛾蝶类的翅。 《Horticulture Plant Protection》 Liu Jiani Identification and Diagnosis of Plant Diseases Q1: what is plant pathogen? It include Fungus, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, parasitic seed plants. Q2: How to identification and diagnosis plant disease? (A) Field Diagnostics (B) The symptoms observed (C) Identification of the pathogen (D) Determine the disease pathogens: Koch‘s postulates Review Chapter2 Identification and classification of insects 第一节 昆虫的形态识别 Section 1 The form and structure of insect 第二节 昆虫的繁殖与发育 Section 2 The Growth and Development of Insects 第三节 园艺昆虫分类 Section 3 Classification of hoticulture insect Master： Understand taxonomic status of insects Grasp the main features of insects Identify insects and other arthropods Identify the insect antennae, mouthparts, thoracic feet, wings, larvae and pupae type. Chapter2 Identification and classification of insects 昆虫纲 (Insecta) What is classification status of insect? 节肢动物门 (Arthopoda) 动物界 (Animalia) Section 1 The form and structure of insects Characteristics of Arthropoda Symmetrical body With exoskeleton Body composed of a series of somites Circulatory system 循环系统 located on the back of the body Nervous system 神经系统 located in t