英语国家概况课件3.ppt

Chapter Ⅴ The Bourgeois Revolution 1. The Economic and Political Background The appearance of a capitalist mode of production needs two basic conditions. The two conditions had accomplished by “Enclosure Movement”, foreign trade and colonial plunder. The conflict between the rising bourgeoisies and the feudalists led to the Bourgeois Revolution. Elizabeth I  Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, ruled England from 1558 to 1603 during what is known as the Elizabethan Age. Elizabeth’s reign was a time of great prosperity and achievement, and her court was a center for poets, writers, musicians, and scholars. 2.The Absolutist Rule of the Stuarts James Ⅰ insisted on the Divine Right of Kings. The Addled Parliament Charles Ⅰ’s financial policy led to a decline in commerce and production. The first spark of rebellion was struck in Scotland. The Short Parliament and the Long Parliament. James I of England  James I, son of Mary, Queen of Scots and cousin and successor of Elizabeth I, repressed both Catholics and Protestants alike and maintained the divine right of kings. James authorized a new translation of the Bible, generally called the King James Version. Oliver Cromwell A member of England’s Parliament and a dedicated Puritan, Oliver Cromwell led his forces to victory against King Charles’s army. Even though he had no military experience, Cromwell turned out to be a brilliant cavalry leader. The defeat and subsequent execution of the king left Cromwell as virtual dictator over England. 3. The Civil War The west and the north supported Charles while the sea ports and the prosperous southeast stood for Parliament. Cromwell’s “Ironside” army won several decisive battles and held Charles prisoner. Charles was beheaded in 1649. In May 1649 England was declared Commonwealth. Charles I  Charles I was king of England from 1625 to 1649. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and did not feel accountable to Parliament. His b