材料的力学行为,试验及加工性能.pptVIP

Mechanical behavior, testing, and manufacturing properties of materials 材料的力学行为，试验及加工性能 1 Tension 拉伸 2 Compression 压缩 3 Torsion 扭转 4 Bending (Flexure) 弯曲 5 Hardness 硬度 The tension test is the most common test for determining such mechanical properties of materials as strength, ductility, toughness, elastic modulus, and strain hardness. 拉伸实验是测定材料机械性能的常用方法，如强度、延展性、韧性、弹性模量 和应变强化。 Stress-Strain curves 应力应变曲线 1 Tension 拉伸 elastic deformation 弹性变形 plastic deformation 塑性变形 yield stress 屈服应力 the stress at which plastic deformation occurs is known as the yield stress 塑性变形发生时的应力 proportional limit 比例极限 proportional limit is used to specify the point where the stress and strain cease being proportional 比例极限用来标定应力应变比例关系终止点 ultimate tensile strength (UTS) 抗拉强度 fracture stress 断裂应力 Young’s modulus 杨氏模量 Stiffness 刚度 Poisson’s ratio 泊松系数 Ductility 延展性 The extent of plastic deformation that the material undergoes before fracture. 2 Compression 压缩 Ductile material 延展性材料 Brittle material 脆性材料 Bauschinger effect 包申格效应 Working softening 加工软化 Disk test 轮盘试验   3 Torsion 扭转 The test method generally used for determination of properties of materials in shear is the torsion test 确定在剪应力作用下材料性能的常用实验方法 4 Bending (Flexure) 弯曲 Modulus of rupture ( transverse rupture strength) 抗弯强度 5 Hardness 硬度 Hardness is usually defined as resistance to permanent indentation 硬度通常定义为抵抗永久压痕的能力 Brinell test（HB）布氏硬度试验 Rockwell test (HR) 洛氏硬度试验 Vikers test (HV) 维氏硬度试验 Knoop test (HK) 努氏硬度试验 Scleroscope 硬度计 Mohs hardness 莫氏硬度Durometer 硬度计 Hot hardness 热硬度 Physical properties of materials 材料的物理性能 1 Density 密度 2 Melting point 熔点 3 Specific Heat 比热容 4 Thermal Conductivity 热传导 5 Thermal Expansion 热膨胀 6 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 电，磁及光学性能 7 Corrosion Resistance 抗腐蚀性 The density of a material is its mass per unit volume 密度是材料单位体积的质量 Specific gravity 比重 Specific strength 比强度 Specific stiffness 比刚度 The melting point of a metal depends on the energy required to separate