核磁共振成像原理基础应用.pptVIP

(Take time for Q A of this section. Go back to previous slides if necessary) A magnetic field gradient simply refers to the spatial variation of the strength of the B0 field Spatial variation is needed in 3spatial axes for 3D information How we make the gradient field: Two coils of wire, one on each end, are supplied with current which generates magnetic fields. The current is supplied in opposite direction, so one coil “adds to” and the other coil “subtracts from” the main magnetic field. At the point midway between the two coils, the magnetic field created by the gradient coils cancel each other, causing the net magnetic field to be equal to B0. The gradient coils are positioned so that this point is at the center of the magnet (isocenter). Note that the direction of the magnetic field is the same; only the strength is different. CAUTION Signa and Vectra calls X and Y axis opposite! H-F direction is Z axis for both Signa and Vectra L-R direction is X axis for Signa, Y axis for Vectra A-P direction is Y axis for Signa, X axis for Vectra In 2D imaging, there is a need to restrict the signals coming from the other parts of the imaging volume. This is done by selectively exciting the desired slice. The illustration shows how to select the axial slice. By imposing the gradient on the Z axis, there will be a linear variation of the resonance frequency along the axis. By applying the RF pulse of a certain frequency, only the portion of the volume that is exposed to the corresponding magnetic field strength will be excited. The next task is encoding the image information within the selected slice. There are two processes; phase encoding and frequency encoding. The next gradient field (called “phase gradient”) applied to the selected-”in phase”-slice will cause a phase shift among the spins within the slice. The phase difference will be memorized after the gradient is switched off. By applying the final gradient field (called “frequency gradient”) when the